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“If a poor child be capable of being thus transformed, how it should move the heart of a city philanthropist, when he thinks of the amazing extent of raw material, for this moral and spiritual manufacture that is on every side of him—when he thinks, that in going forth on some Christian enterprise among a population, he is, in truth, walking among the rudiments of a state that is to be everlasting—that out of the most loathsome and unseemly abodes, a glory can be extracted, which will weather all the storms, and all the vicissitudes of this world’s history—that in the filth and raggedness of a hovel, that is to be found, on which all the worth of heaven, as well as all the endurance of heaven, can be imprinted—that he is, in a word, dealing in embryo with the elements of a great and future empire, which is to rise, indestructible and eternal, on the ruins of all that is earthly, and every member of which shall be a king and a priest for evermore.”

– Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847)

In my previous article, we began to revisit the question of the Jews from a Reformed perspective during our present Western “noticing.” What overlap or divergence is there between the woke right and confessional, Reformed Christianity? Having approached matters from the economic or redemptive-historical perspective of Scripture, especially as found in Romans 9 to 11, let’s consider some doctrinal issues relating to Original Sin, the “world” as enemy of the Church, and divine providence.

The Jews & Original Sin

In considering Jewish identity across the ages, we argued that the Jewish people have continued and must continue essentially intact and identifiably so for the fulfillment of the ancient promises to the fathers. Not in terms of temples and tribulations, mind you—but “natural branches,” being torn away by their unbelief, must by true faith be re-grafted in to their “own olive tree” by national repentance and faith in the Messiah and their inclusion within the catholic, Visible Church on purely equal terms with their Gentile counterparts.

But the woke right mood, when mixed with a generic Reformed Christianity, seems to produce at least a functional rejection of Original Sin. Specifically, the universality of Original Sin. Now, in all fairness, our kinist friends are not wide of the mark in pointing out that the Jews are unique sinners, having sinned against unique privileges. The prophets would have agreed with them, one and all! Moses was weary of living because of them. Elijah, their Moses redivivus, was pretty down on them too and was also pushed to the brink. Christ excoriated them as a “crooked and perverse generation.” And Stephen denounced them as incurably obdurate across the generations: “Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye.” It is also not hard to find similar witnesses among our Reformed divines. Thomas Boston, a most tender-hearted evangelist, yearning over the fallen Jews, himself did not blush to write in his sermon on Acts 2:40, “Save yourselves from this untoward [insufferably perverse] generation”:

The character of the generation among whom their lot was cast; they were an untoward generation. They were a crooked, perverse, and forward set of men, who were not so much through weakness led out of the way, as through wickedness bent to forsake the way. They were wilful and headstrong in their evil courses, and would not be reclaimed, but proceeded from evil to evil. He points out that generation as a signally-untoward one, this untoward generation, who have signalized themselves for obstinacy, rebellion, and apostasy, having crucified the Lord of life, and being still carrying on the war against him; being the generation which Moses specially pointed at …..

But whatever lip-service some of these personalities pay to universal, distributive human depravity is betrayed by their obvious fixation on “the Jews” and all their real and perceived sins. While we fully admit that they Jews win special marks in the historic depravity category, the way some talk in the Christian manosphere would lead one to think that the Jews are actually more depraved, with a far more generous dose of Original Sin than their Gentile counterparts. Given all the now fashionable scapegoating of the Jews for all the woes of the West, one wonders how they square Paul’s indictment of the Gentiles in Romans 1 with that of the Jews in Romans 2? Why such equal bad press? And why do we find them both at the bottom of the moral barrel in Romans 3? Was Romans 1 actually a Jewish interpolation—like Esther as some now opine—a fraudulent psyop to guilt-trip the noble savages? That’s the other side of the coin. The fixation on Jewish sin, real and imagined, is coupled with what seems to be an implied innocence of Gentile moral nature. If only whites of northern European heritage could simply expel all Jews from their borders, then the West would return to Edenic moral purity. But my Bible tells me it’s just not that simple. And that Gentiles are pretty rotten too: both tie for first place in rebellion against God (Rom. 3:9-20).

Further, woke right Christianity seems to drift perilously close to secular, evolutionary racialism. And in some cases it looks practically indistinguishable from it. Neo-kinist distinctions among the various peoples of the world are pressed to the point that a common humanity practically evaporates. “Culture” is played down, while “race” is played way up. While some pay lip-service to the essential humanity of different races, as well as their changeability or redeemability—sinners from all races can be regenerated or at least reformed—the majority of their discourse takes back with the left hand what was offered with the right. And then it’s a short step to racial determinism, as well as the innate and unchangeable superiority of some races (= white) over others.

As an aside, it is a curious question as to whether the Jews are “white” or not. Really, it is probably just as trivial to determine whether the Irish, the Italians, or the Mexicans are “white.” “Whiteness” very much seems to be a moving target historically, with some people being grandfathered into the category with enough time, enough winters, and socio-economic improvement on U.S. soil. But I digress.

Yet for the sake of argument, we will say they are not “white.” We’ll say the Jews are a distinct genetic people group from fair-skinned northern Europeans, however inter-married. But when it is contended that the Jews are an absolutely distinct race from such Europeans, and that they possess innate and unchangeable properties; and when this is further combined with the notion (stated or implied) that their national propensities are radically and incurably vicious, that they are invariably parasitic to every body politic on which they fasten, abundantly meriting all the suspicion, derision, and disgust they receive, this is just downright wicked. Fearfully so. While it may co-opt Christianity and wave the banner of Christian nationalism, it has nothing to do with Christ and bears disturbing resemblances to pre-Christendom paganism and the modern Nietzschean “will to power.” As I see it, the frequent appeal to the aesthetic and the prevalence evocative imagery over rational persuasion in these things is both telling and scary, especially when meme-swollen social media is the new public square. Visceral instincts may not always be bad; but given Romans 1-3, I’d be rather wary.

The Jews & the World System

Next, who is the enemy of the Christian Church? Admittedly, the Jews—especially in the very early Church—have proved to be great enemies. “As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes.” And let us not fail to appreciate Paul’s solemn condemnation:

For ye, brethren, became followers of the churches of God which in Judaea are in Christ Jesus: for ye also have suffered like things of your own countrymen, even as they have of the Jews: who both killed the Lord Jesus, and their own prophets, and have persecuted us; and they please not God, and are contrary to all men: forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles that they might be saved, to fill up their sins alway: for the wrath is come upon them to the uttermost (1 Thess. 2:14-16).

And what shall we say of the “synagogue of Satan?”

But that is hardly the whole story. Just as with Paul’s doctrine of Original Sin, so also with the world beyond the Church. “We know that we are of God, and the whole world lieth in wickedness” (1 Jn. 5:19). Yes, Jews were the first persecutors of the early Christians. They killed Stephen, the first martyr of the New Covenant. But they weren’t alone in their hostility to the “seed of the woman.” Paul and his companions had their share of opposition from heathen mobs, magistrates, and magicians. And while angry, unbelieving Jews agitated for Paul’s death, let’s not forget which empire we have to thank for his execution. Christians had a lot of enemies, and not all of them were Jewish. When a deranged Nero set Rome on fire and blamed the Christians, he ignited a centuries-long baptism by fire for the Church, courtesy of Rome.

The enemy of the Church is not a monolith, but a confederation. The nations raged, the peoples imagined a vain thing. They were combined together against God and His Christ. The Jews killed the Messiah, yes. But they sure had help: “For of a truth against thy holy child Jesus, whom thou hast anointed, both Herod, and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of Israel, were gathered together, for to do whatsoever thy hand and thy counsel determined before to be done” (Acts 4:27-28). And it is so to this day. There is not just Judaism, secular and devout; there is evil on every side, if we will also notice that. There are many obviously scary threats like jihadist Muslims and woke left cultural Marxists, and there are also worldwide religious systems and philosophies that are “anti-Christ.” Let’s not underestimate the spiritual lethality of Mormonism or overlook the menace of Roman Catholicism, however much the latter seems less of an overt threat than it was in the 16th century. Not should we forget that our forefathers confessed that the Pope of Rome is that “man of sin.” The point here is that, the enemy is one, and yet many. There are many heads on the hydra. “Little children, it is the last time: and as ye have heard that antichrist shall come, even now are there many antichrists” (1 Jn. 2:18). They are just different battalions under the same spiritual banner and under the same dark lord, who happens not to be Jewish or Gentile (Eph. 6:12, 2 Cor. 2:11), but is quite happy to use both for his nefarious ends.

The baptized Christian swears loyalty to Christ and takes up the fight of faith against that age-old “trinity of evil,” the world, the flesh and the Devil. But though our Jew-preoccupied friends don’t explicitly say it, it sure seems like they concentrate most or even all the evil in the world in the Jews, as though Satan sang only one tired song—and it’s in Yiddish. But he is far more sophisticated than that. He’s pretty pragmatic and adapts his strategies to lure his prey in all their diversity. But what of the flesh? What of the bewitching heart? “The heart is deceitful above all things and desperately wicked: who can know it?” I’m not at all suggesting that Reformed kinists deny the depravity and corruption of every heart, any more than they deny Original Sin, as we have said. But the fixation is the tell. Like ascetics, the great danger is always “out there.” In this case, it is “the Jews.” True, the Reformed faith doesn’t call for us to bury our heads in the sand or look the other way when evil is facing us. And no, “noticing” is not of itself wrong. But we are called to suspect ourselves first. We have to be ever so careful when identifying the “real” evil of the world “out there,” that we don’t fail to see it lurking within the man in the mirror; or when it is “out there,” that we rule out all possible enemies within our peripheral vision. In the final analysis, it is their emphases and preoccupations that worry me, not so much the formal orthodoxy of these voices. But the absorption with our enemy the Jew is just out of sync with confessional Reformed Christianity. Jesus never taught us to pray, “forgive the Jews their debts,” nor did Paul call us to mortify the Jews. We just need some greater perspective and proporionality. And maybe take an occasional break from X?

The Jews & Divine Providence

So, we’re sure that there is a lot of evil in this world. And there are lethal forces combined against the Church. But this prevailing fixation on the Jews as the main threat to the Church and humanity further belies a much more heathen, polytheistic view of the world, where powerful players vie for power and God is at best just one among many. That’s scary, and maybe that’s why some let their imaginations run wild. Now we all have fears; but unchecked, unsanctified fears warp our perspective. We easily exaggerate and minimize reality as it is. Fears become suspicions, suspicions become assumptions, those become accusations, and so on until even worse things happen. It’s especially scary to suspect a hidden council of power-brokers lying behind all my problems and who are slowly crushing my future beneath their boots. Demagogues then play on these fears and whip their followers into a frenzy. Groupthink is real and can be dangerous under manipulation (Acts 19:21-41).

But simple as it sounds, God is actually in control. He is God sits in the “assembly of the gods,” and yet these “gods … shall die like men.” God is sovereign even over sin. Even really, really bad sin—and even coordinated, well-concealed conspiracies by people of means and power. “Surely the wrath of man shall praise thee: the remainder of wrath shalt thou restrain” (Psa. 76:10). Not Pharoah, not Goliath, not Haman, not Pilate; not real, actual, demonstrable enemies, but also those whom we fear are pulling the wool over our collective eyes: none of them is God. And He who sits in heaven shall laugh and shall dash them like an earthen vessel. Yet the way some woke right Christians talk these days, you would think that Jehovah is but one power in a world actually controlled by a Jewish cabal. That the Rothschilds and Edelsons have more clout than the Most High. And unless we talk enough, agitate enough, advocate enough, and weary ourselves with our panicked speculations, we will face certain doom. If our woke right friends are actually correct about the international Jewish threat, I want to say, let us rule our fears and not let them rule us. “God is our refuge and our strength, / in straits a present aid.” Even if we end up disagreeing on particular facts and the relativity of threats on the geopolitical stage, we will think and reason far more clearly and calmly.

I also hasten to add that we must not minimize common grace in this world. God rules and overrules the raging of men. Even their hearts with their most subtle movements are controlled, ruled, and overruled (Prov. 21:1). And it is a fundamental element in our confession of human depravity that while men are radically sinful, they are by the restraint of God often not as sinful as they could be. “Surely the wrath of man shall praise thee: the remainder of wrath shalt thou restrain” (Psa. 76:10). This world would be a living hell if it were otherwise. There is a lot more restraint and goodness and blessing in this world than our doomscrolling might suggest. Our Reformed confession speaks of “civil righteousness.” Even heathen can be “good heathen.” And believe it or not, there are actually some “good Jews,” some conservative, anti-Marxist Jews who work hard, pay their taxes, and raise decent families. Even Bibi has some common grace, I would dare say!

And there is also diversity in the administration of common grace. God distributes His favors unequally. On some, He pours out His regenerating Spirit, with all saving graces; from others He withholds it. On some reprobates, He bestows greater and lesser common grace. And it is mutable. Some heathen are born in the projects and trailer parks, others are born to great privilege. Some rise out of their poverty by sheer determination, and some heirs to unspeakable wealth degenerate into moral monsters. The Jews have known all three in their history: saving grace, greater common grace, and lesser. And for that matter, so has Christendom. And while nothing changes, everything changes. We believe in divine sovereignty, but not determinism—and certainly not fatalism! Natural men may both reform themselves (Lu. 11:24-26) and degrade themselves (2 Pet. 2:22). Common grace ebbs and flows, is given and taken. But the tendency to view one nationality of the world as wholly and perpetually bereft of common grace—nevermind saving grace—that God puts a leash on Gentile depravity but none on Jewish, this just doesn’t square with the Bible or our experience. Jews aren’t the only reprobates, and not all “no-go” neighborhoods are Jewish. In fact, many Jews make good neighbors.

Robert Trail on 1 Cor. 15:45, “And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit.” The First Adam, however generative he was in the procreation of all mankind by the longsuffering of God, nevertheless only imparted temporal life, blighted by the curse. He gave life that was as good as dead. But the Second Adam was not so. While he took no wife and bore no physical seed before being “cut off out of the land of the living” (Isa. 53:8), He generated a world teeming with spiritual, indeed, eternal life! Let us circumcise the flesh, cutting off all confidence in man’s powers, relying wholly on Christ, the Second Adam.

Now, O men, if ye will not be allured with the beauty and excellency of the princess, wisdom herself [Prov. 3:13-19], then, I pray you, look what follows her. That which now ye are pursuing after with much labour and pains, and all in vain too, is here in her train. Look how the comparison is stated. Christ Jesus would catch us with a holy guile, and, if it had success, O! it would be a blessed guile to us. Ye have large and airy apprehensions of temporal things, which ye call needful, and ye cannot behold eternal things. Ye know not the worth of this kingdom. Ye conceive that godliness is prejudicial unto you in this life, that the kingdom of grace will make you miserable here; and that ye cannot endure. Ah, be not mistaken, come and look again. If godliness itself will not allure you, if the kingdom itself will not weigh with you, then, I pray you, consider what an appendix, what a consectary these have. Consider that the sum is added to the principal, which ye so much seek after. But ye refuse the principal, the kingdom. Ye have not right thoughts of godliness, “for godliness is profitable unto all things, having the promise of the life that now is, and that which is to come,” 1 Tim. iv. 8. Now, is not this “a faithful saying?” If ye believe it so to be, is it not “worthy of all acceptation?”

Hugh Binning

XXII. For if, he says, I leave everything else alone, and consider myself and the whole nature and constitution of man, and how we are mingled, and what is our movement, and how the mortal was compounded with the immortal, and how it is that I flow downwards, and yet am borne upwards, and how the soul is circumscribed; and how it gives life and shares in feelings; and how the mind is at once circumscribed and unlimited, abiding in us and yet travelling over the Universe in swift motion and flow; how it is both received and imparted by word, and passes through air, and enters with all things; how it shares in sense, and enshrouds itself away from sense. And even before these questions — what was our first moulding and composition in the workshop of nature, and what is our last formation and completion? What is the desire for and imparting of nourishment, and who brought us spontaneously to those first springs and sources of life? How is the body nourished by food, and the soul by reason? What is the drawing of nature, and the mutual relation between parents and children, that it should be held together by a spell of love? How is it that species are permanent, and are different in their characteristics, although there are so many that their individual marks cannot be described? How is it that the same animal is both mortal and immortal, the one by decease, the other by coming into being? For one departs, and another takes its place, just like the flow of a river, which is never still, yet ever constant. And you might discuss many more points concerning men’s members and parts, and their mutual adaptation both for use and beauty, and how some are connected and others disjoined, some are more excellent and others less comely, some are united and others divided, some contain and others are contained, according to the law and reason of Nature. Much too might be said about voices and ears. How is it that the voice is carried by the vocal organs, and received by the ears, and both are joined by the smiting and resounding of the medium of the air? Much too of the eyes, which have an indescribable communion with visible objects, and which are moved by the will alone, and that together, and are affected exactly as is the mind. For with equal speed the mind is joined to the objects of thought, the eye to those of sight. Much too concerning the other senses, not objects of the research of reason. And much concerning our rest in sleep, and the figments of dreams, and of memory and remembrance; of calculation, and anger, and desire; and in a word, all by which this little world called Man is swayed.

Gregory Nazianzus, Theological Orations 2.22

Just when you thought you thought you knew the parable of the prodigal son. “Never man spake like this man” (Jn. 7:46).

This is the third episode of the West Port Experiment podcast, featuring the Rev. D. Douglas Gebbie, minister of the Presbyterian Reformed Church of Chesley, Ontario. In this episode, we introduce and discuss Alexander Henderson, one of the greats of the Scottish Second Reformation and a crucial figure in the 17th century Kirk. For further study, listen to a recording of Thomas M’Crie’s life of Henderson. The next two episodes of WPE will continue the discussion on Henderson, looking at his Government and Order of the Church of Scotland, followed by his sermon before parliament on John 18:36, “My kingdom is not of this world.”

About the WPE podcast. I have completed the first ten episodes before releasing any to make sure I wasn’t overcommitting or underperforming. But I’m hoping that this podcast fills a niche in a crowded digital area. While this site’s theme is about “parish missions, the care of souls, and all things reformed,” the first season is dedicated specifically to the Scottish Presbyterian tradition to which my denomination is devoted. God willing, I’ll continue to focus mainly in this area. But if it continues, I may branch off into other related areas, especially my great interest in Thomas Chalmers and the theory of practice of parish missions.

The church in Leuchars where Henderson served for 25 years. [source]

For now, the episodes focus on a text or texts for discussion with various friends as conversation partners from within and beyond my presbytery. In this first season, we are dealing with John Willison, Samuel Rutherford, Hugh Binning, Alexander Henderson, David Dickson & the Stewarton Revival, James Guthrie, and Thomas Boston. I hope to release them about once per month.

If you would like to be kept updated about WPE podcast releases, subscribe to this site at the right, just under the banner. If any links are broken, please drop me a note at michael@reformedparish.com.

[Instrumental music in podcast courtesy of Ernst Stolz. ]

This video was very good and hits the nail on the head for the basics of corrective discipline or spanking our younger children. Slightly more “produced,” shall we say. But very worth your time.

And as they reference Ted Tripp’s Shepherding a Child’s Heart, I can’t commend this highly enough. See also here. I only wish I had read this and especially the chapter, “Embracing Biblical Methods: the Rod,” earlier than I did. But I sure am thankful that we did read and implement its principles, however imperfectly. I know my children are the better and much happier for it! Parents, read this book together.

Here’s a selection, to encourage you to pick it up. Responding to the objection that spanking “doesn’t work,” Tripp writes:

This objection requires further examination of a parent’s specific practice. Years of pastoral experience have persuaded me that cases of the rod not working can be summarized as follows:

A) The primary reason spanking can be ineffective is spanking in anger. Children will not willingly submit themselves to the authority of an angry, out-of-control parent. There is an innate sense of justice in a child; they will inwardly resist submitting their hearts to a parent who bullies them. They may cower. They may even respond to punishment out of fear, but they will not willingly place themselves under the authority of a parent who disciplines in unholy anger.

B) Inconsistent use of the rod. The child never knew what would elicit a spanking. Therefore, he was always testing the parent.

C) Failure to persist. Some folks never try anything long enough for it to work. They give the rod a couple of days. Their children are not transformed overnight. They give up in discouragement.

D) Failure to be effective. I have witnessed spanking administered through a double layer of diapers to a child who never stopped moving long enough to know he had been spanked. The spanking was ineffective because the parents never made the rod felt.

Ouch, and ouch again! God spanked me some years back with each of these four swats. But what a gracious, loving heavenly Father, who disciplines His own children perfectly—and uses them to raise up their seed to be “disciples” under Jesus’ easy yoke and light burden!

A striking sermon preached by Free Church of Scotland great, Robert Buchanan on discerning the “signs of the times.” Listen here, or read the entire sermon below. Here are a couple of choice passages:

“Our Saviour charged it as a sin against the Jews, that while they could ‘discern the face of the sky and of the earth,’ they did not discern that eventful time. May not a like condemnation be justly pronounced against the men of our own day? Out of the multitudes who so closely watch every indication of change that appears on the ever shifting horizon of the commercial and political world, how small, comparatively speaking, is the number of those whose hearts and minds are similarly exercised as to the signs and prospects of the kingdom of God. For the thousands and tens of thousands everywhere, whose eyes are intently turned to the discussions of senates, the deliberations of statesmen, the councils of kings, to gather some intelligence bearing on the security of property and the interests of trade, there is but one here and another there tremulously alive to the safety of the ark of God, and putting forth in deep solicitude the inquiry of our text, ‘Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?'”

“. . . It is to the Lord we must turn, if we desire to know what is in the womb of time, and say to his inspired seers, in the words of the text—’Watchman, what of the night?—Watchman, what of the night?'”

Listen to more of the great theologians and preachers of the Disruption and the old Free Church of Scotland. All Thomas Chalmers recordings here.

The following extract is taken from Jonathan Edwards’ magisterial History of the Work of Redemption.

* * * *


IV. That the state of things which is attained by the events of this period, is what is so often called the kingdom of heaven, or the kingdom of God. We very often read in the New Testament of the kingdom of heaven. John the Baptist preached, that the kingdom of heaven was at hand, and so did Christ, and his disciples after him, referring to something that the Jews in those days expected, and very much talked of, which they called by that name. They seem to have taken their expectation and the name chiefly from that prophecy of Daniel in Nebuchadnezzar’s dream, Daniel 2:44, “And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom,” together with that in Daniel 7:13-14.

Now this kingdom of heaven is that evangelical state of things in his church, and in the world, wherein consists the success of Christ’s redemption in this period. There had been often great kingdoms set up before, which were earthly kingdoms, as the Babylonian, the Persian, the Grecian, and the Roman monarchies. But Christ came to set up the last kingdom, which is not an earthly kingdom, but an heavenly, and so is the kingdom of heaven, John 18:36, “My kingdom is not of this world.” This is the kingdom of which Christ speaks, Luke 22:29, “My Father hath appointed to me a kingdom.” This kingdom began soon after Christ’s resurrection, and was accomplished in various steps from that time to the end of the world. Sometimes by the kingdom or heaven, is meant that spiritual state of the church which began soon after Christ’s resurrection. Sometimes that more perfect state of the church which shall obtain after the downfall of Antichrist. And sometimes that glorious and blessed state to which the church shall be received at the day of judgment, 1 Corinthians 15:50, the apostle, speaking of the resurrection, says, “This I say, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God.”

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The following article appeared at First Things, written by Carmel Richardson.

When I heard the price the retired man was asking for his home, a full $80,000 over online estimates of its value, I flinched. The market is hot in our small town, and the location was good, but was it that good? More importantly, would the bank appraise it so high? Just seven years ago, this seller had purchased the home for less than half the price he wanted for it in 2026.

My husband and I were in a spot familiar to many in our generation: trying to scrape together enough cash to buy a house from an older couple, who neither needed nor wanted the space, yet priced it extraordinarily high. Another retiree in our neighborhood recently listed his home, a three-bedroom house with a modest yard, at $100,000 over its estimated value. A third home in town has been relisted at least twice, as the retired woman selling it refuses to lower the price, despite knowing the home needs thousands of dollars in mold remediation and electrical updates. When we offered a number below her asking price, and above the home’s estimated value, she accused us of trying to fleece an older woman. It has since remained on the market for more than a hundred days, but she’s not in a hurry. She owns the home outright.

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